Medical uses[edit]
Citicoline is available as a supplement online and in stores. It is sold in over 70 countries under a variety of brand names: Cebroton, Ceraxon, Cidilin, Citifar, Cognizin, Difosfocin, Hipercol, NeurAxon, Nicholin, Sinkron, Somazina, Synapsine, Startonyl, Trausan, etc.[8] When taken as a supplement citicoline is hydrolyzed into choline and cytidine in the intestine.[9] Once these cross the blood–brain barrier it is reformed into citicoline by the rate-limiting enzyme in phosphatidylcholine synthesis, CTP-phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase.[10][11]
Memory disorders[edit]
In a review of 14 clinical trials, the authors concluded there was evidence of benefit of citicoline on memory function and behaviour in patients suffering from cognitive deficits ranging from mild cognitive impairment to dementia. Dosing in most of the trials was 1000 mg/day.[12] A more recent review reached the same conclusions, but went on to state that more clinical trials are needed to confirm its benefits.[13]
Ischemic stroke[edit]
Citicoline is approved for treatment in cases of head trauma, stroke, and neurodegenerative disease in Japan and Europe.[citation needed] Citicoline improves the clinical outcome following an ischemic stroke, as evidenced by the reduction in size of lesions caused by ischemic strokes after supplementation.[14] It has been claimed that citicoline reduces rates of death and disability following an ischemic stroke.[15] However, the largest trial to date, a randomised, placebo-controlled, sequential trial in patients with moderate-to-severe acute ischaemic stroke in Europe, enrolling 2298 patients, found no benefit of administering citicoline on survival or recovery from stroke.[16] A meta-analysis of seven trials reported no statistically significant benefit for long-term survival or recovery.[17]
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